Portugal
Spain
Italy
Greece
Grenada Citizenship by Investment
12–18 months from first consultation to residence permit in hand — though we've seen as fast as 8 months and as slow as 24+ months depending on investment route, document readiness, and AIMA processing capacity.
- Pre-submission: 2–4 months (strategy, documents, investment)
- Submission to biometrics: 4–10 months (highly variable)
- Biometrics to permit: 2–6 months
Timelines are estimates based on observed cases. Not a guarantee.
How to Read This Page
We track Portugal Golden Visa processing times across two layers:
- Industry/Public Timeline: Conservative ranges based on government guidelines, legal community consensus, and public reporting. Use this for planning.
- MovingTo Observed Timeline: What we're actually seeing in our client cases — with sample sizes, percentiles, and outliers. Use this for realistic expectations.
Stage-by-Stage Timeline
Stage 1: Eligibility & Strategy
| Metric | Industry Expectation | MovingTo Observed |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Range | 1–7 days | 1–3 days |
| What Happens | Initial consultation, eligibility assessment, investment route selection, fee structure review | |
What affects this stage:
- Complexity of your situation (multiple nationalities, corporate structures, family composition)
- Responsiveness to initial document requests
- Clarity on investment route preference
What you can do:
- Prepare basic information: passport copies, source of funds overview, family composition
- Research investment routes beforehand to have informed questions
Stage 2: Document Gathering
| Metric | Industry Expectation | MovingTo Observed |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Range | 2–8 weeks | 3–6 weeks (median: 4 weeks) |
| Fastest | — | 10 days (pre-prepared client) |
| Slowest | — | 14 weeks (complex corporate source of funds) |
What happens:
- Criminal background checks (varies by country — US FBI checks take 6-8 weeks)
- Document apostilles and certified translations
- Source of funds documentation compilation
- Portuguese NIF (tax number) application
- Bank account opening (if required for investment route)
Common delays:
- FBI background checks: 6-8 weeks for US applicants (plan ahead)
- Complex corporate structures: Additional due diligence required
- Missing documents: Each round-trip adds 1-2 weeks
- Apostille backlogs: Some countries have 4-6 week waits
What you can do:
- Start FBI/police checks immediately (before finalizing investment)
- Create a document checklist and track status
- Use certified translation services with apostille experience
- Respond to document requests within 48 hours
Stage 3: Investment Execution
| Metric | Industry Expectation | MovingTo Observed |
|---|---|---|
| Investment Funds (€500K) | 2–4 weeks | 2–3 weeks |
| Scientific Research (€500K) | 3–8 weeks | 4–6 weeks |
| Arts/Cultural (€250K) | 2–6 weeks | 3–5 weeks |
| Business Creation | 4–12 weeks | 6–10 weeks |
Current investment routes (as of Feb 2026):
- Investment Funds (€500K): Most popular route. Subscription typically completes in 2-3 weeks once KYC is approved. Funds must invest ≥60% in Portuguese companies and be CMVM-registered.
- Scientific Research (€500K): Donation to approved public or private research institutions. Requires formal agreement and institution due diligence.
- Arts & Cultural Heritage (€250K): Support for arts, cultural heritage restoration, or national heritage preservation. €200K in low-density areas.
- Business Creation (€500K + 5 jobs): Incorporate or invest in a Portuguese company and create at least 5 permanent jobs.
- Company Formation (10 jobs): Create a company that employs at least 10 people. No minimum capital requirement.
What you can do:
- Open Portuguese bank account early (during document gathering)
- Have funds liquid and ready — no last-minute liquidations
- For funds: complete KYC documentation in parallel with main application docs
Stage 4: Submission to Biometrics
| Metric | Industry Expectation | MovingTo Observed |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Range | 4–12 months | 5–9 months (median: 7 months) |
| P25 (Faster quarter) | — | 4.5 months |
| P75 (Slower quarter) | — | 11 months |
| Fastest | — | 3.5 months |
| Slowest | — | 16 months (document issues) |
What happens:
- Application submitted to AIMA (online platform)
- Initial document review and any clarification requests
- Background verification
- Biometrics appointment scheduled
What you cannot control:
- AIMA staffing and processing capacity
- System upgrades or technical issues
- Policy changes affecting prioritization
What you can control:
- Submit a complete, error-free application (reduces clarification requests)
- Respond to any AIMA requests within 24-48 hours
- Ensure all documents are valid for the duration of processing
Stage 5: Biometrics to Permit Issuance
| Metric | Industry Expectation | MovingTo Observed |
|---|---|---|
| Typical Range | 2–6 months | 2–4 months (median: 3 months) |
| Fastest | — | 5 weeks |
| Slowest | — | 8 months (card production backlog) |
What happens:
- Biometrics appointment in Portugal (fingerprints, photo)
- Final application review
- Approval decision issued
- Residence permit card production and delivery
Common delays:
- Card production backlogs: Physical card manufacturing has had delays in the past
- Postal delivery: Cards sent by registered mail — allow 1-2 weeks
Stage 6: Renewals
| Metric | Industry Expectation | MovingTo Observed |
|---|---|---|
| First Renewal (Year 2) | 2–4 months | 2–3 months |
| Second Renewal (Year 4) | 2–4 months | 2–3 months |
| Processing | Submit 30–60 days before expiry. Legal status maintained during processing. | |
Renewal requirements:
- Maintain qualifying investment
- Meet minimum stay requirement (7 days in year 1, 14 days in subsequent 2-year periods)
- No disqualifying criminal record
- Pay renewal fees
Stage 7: Citizenship Eligibility
| Metric | Timeline |
|---|---|
| Eligibility (Current Rule) | 5 years from residence permit application submission* |
| Citizenship Application Processing | 12–24 months (current conditions) |
| Total Timeline | 5–6+ years from Golden Visa application |
Citizenship requirements:
- 5 years of legal residence (Golden Visa qualifies; counting from application submission under current rule)
- Basic Portuguese language proficiency (A2 level)
- Clean criminal record
- Demonstrated connection to Portuguese community
Sources: Lei da Nacionalidade 10th amendment (Organic Law 1/2024, March 2024); Constitutional Court Ruling 1134/2025 (December 15, 2025); Presidential veto of Decree 17/XVII (December 19, 2025).
Timeline Adjustment: US Applicants
| Applicant Type | Document Gathering | Total Pre-Submission |
|---|---|---|
| US Citizens | 4–10 weeks (FBI + apostille adds 3–8 weeks) | 3–5 months |
| UK/EU Citizens | 3–6 weeks | 2–3.5 months |
| Other Nationalities | 3–8 weeks (varies by country) | 2–4 months |
FBI check processing times (varies by method):
- Electronic submission via USPS: 48 hours
- FBI-approved channeler: 1–3 business days (fastest option)
- Mail-in (paper fingerprint card): 6–8 weeks (avoid if possible)
Apostille requirement:
- FBI documents must be apostilled by the US Department of State (not state-level offices)
- Standard processing: 2–5 weeks (can stretch to 8+ weeks during backlogs)
- Expedited hand-carry services available in DC (few business days, extra fee)
Pro tip for US applicants: Start your FBI check before you finalise your investment route. Don't wait for other documents to be ready.
Top 10 Causes of Delay
Based on our case data, these are the most common reasons applications take longer than expected:
-
Incomplete source of funds documentation
The #1 cause of delays. AIMA requires clear paper trails. Complex inheritance, business sales, or multiple sources require extra documentation. -
FBI/police check timing
US applicants: FBI checks take 6-8 weeks. Don't wait until other documents are ready. -
Document expiry during processing
Criminal checks, medical certificates, and some government documents expire. If your application sits for 8+ months, you may need to refresh documents. -
AIMA clarification requests
Any request for additional information adds 4-8 weeks. Submit complete applications. -
Bank account opening delays
Portuguese banks have compliance requirements. Remote account opening can take 3-6 weeks. -
Apostille backlogs
Some countries (especially US states) have 4-6 week apostille processing times. -
Translation errors
Certified translations with errors must be redone. Use experienced legal translators. -
Investment fund KYC
Fund managers conduct their own due diligence. Complex structures take longer. -
Family member documentation
Dependents (spouse, children) require their own document sets. Marriage/birth certificates need apostilles and translations. -
NIF application delays
Portuguese tax numbers are required for investment. Remote NIF applications can take 2-4 weeks.
Methodology
Sample size: 200+ client cases since January 2023
Updated: Monthly
Stage definitions:
- Stage start: Date client signs engagement / Date of first document submission / Date application submitted to AIMA / Date of biometrics appointment
- Stage end: Date all documents received / Date investment confirmed / Date biometrics appointment received / Date residence permit delivered
What we include:
- All Golden Visa applications processed through MovingTo
- All investment routes (fund, capital transfer, research/donation)
- Primary applicants and family members
What we exclude:
- Abandoned applications
- Applications with deliberate client-caused delays (e.g., requested holds)
- Edge cases more than 3 standard deviations from median (noted separately when relevant)
Limitations:
- AIMA processing times vary significantly based on capacity, policy changes, and system updates
- Past timelines do not guarantee future processing speeds
- Individual cases may differ based on complexity, nationality, and documentation quality
Change Log
Last updated: February 2026
| Date | Change |
|---|---|
| Feb 2026 | Initial publication. Data reflects 200+ cases from Jan 2023–Feb 2026. |
This section will be updated monthly with any significant changes to processing times or methodology.
Frequently Asked Questions
When does the 5-year citizenship clock start?
Under the current Portuguese nationality law (as of February 2026), the 5-year residence period can count from the date you submitted your Golden Visa application — not from when your permit was issued. This favourable interpretation was upheld by the Constitutional Court after the President vetoed proposed changes. However, this rule is subject to ongoing legislative debate, so verify the current position with a qualified lawyer before making citizenship timeline assumptions.
Can I speed up AIMA processing?
There is no official "fast track" option for Golden Visa applications. The best way to minimize delays is to submit a complete, error-free application with comprehensive documentation. Responding immediately to any clarification requests also helps. Some law firms claim priority access, but AIMA processes applications in order.
What happens if my application takes longer than expected?
Your application remains valid while processing. If certain documents (like criminal checks) expire during an extended processing period, you may be asked to provide updated versions. Your investment must remain in place throughout. There is no penalty for AIMA-caused delays.
Does approval rate mean guaranteed approval?
No. While the Portugal Golden Visa has a high approval rate (historically 95%+), each application is assessed individually. Rejections typically occur due to: incomplete or fraudulent documentation, disqualifying criminal records, inability to prove legal source of funds, or failure to meet investment requirements. A well-prepared application with proper documentation has excellent approval odds.
What's the most common reason for rejection or deferral?
Source of funds issues are the leading cause of both deferrals and rejections. AIMA requires clear documentation showing where your investment capital originated. Complex cases (business sales, inheritance from multiple sources, cryptocurrency conversions) require particularly thorough documentation. Criminal record issues are the second most common reason.
How do family members affect the timeline?
Family members (spouse, dependent children, dependent parents) can be included in your application. Each family member requires their own document set (passport, criminal check, etc.), which adds to document gathering time — typically 1-2 extra weeks. Processing time at AIMA is generally the same whether you're applying solo or with family, as family applications are processed together.
Can I travel to Portugal during the application process?
Yes. You can visit Portugal as a tourist (90 days in any 180-day period for most nationalities) while your application is pending. You will need to travel to Portugal for your biometrics appointment. Some applicants choose to stay longer if they have a visa-free arrangement or obtain a short-stay visa.
What if AIMA is backlogged when I apply?
AIMA backlogs have varied significantly over time. During peak backlog periods (late 2023–early 2024), applications took 12-16 months to reach biometrics. During faster periods, we've seen 4-5 months. This tracker reflects current conditions. There's no way to predict future backlogs, but submitting a complete application ensures you're not delayed by your own documentation.
Disclaimer
The timelines presented on this page are estimates based on observed client cases and publicly available information. They are not guarantees of processing speed. Individual application timelines depend on numerous factors including documentation quality, investment complexity, AIMA capacity, and policy changes.
This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal or immigration advice. For guidance on your specific situation, consult with a qualified immigration attorney.
Portugal's Golden Visa program rules and processing procedures are subject to change. Always verify current requirements with official sources (SEF/AIMA, Portuguese government websites) or qualified legal counsel.
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