Moving to Greece from the US starts with choosing a residence route: US citizens can stay 90 days in any 180 without a visa, and anything longer needs a Greek national visa or residence permit, such as the Digital Nomad Visa (EUR 3,500 a month net income), the FIP/retirement permit (EUR 3,500 a month) or the Golden Visa (EUR 400,000 or EUR 800,000 in property). You keep filing US tax returns on worldwide income, and Greece can also tax you once you spend more than 183 days there in any 12-month period. Decide whether you are visiting, working remotely, retiring on passive income, investing, joining family or taking a Greek job before you book the move.
A Greek national (Type D) visa is the long-stay visa a Greek consulate issues before you move; once in Greece, you apply for the residence permit of your route, such as the 2-year digital nomad permit or the 3-year FIP permit.
This guide focuses on the practical US-to-Greece issues that create mistakes: the Schengen 90/180 limit, the post-2026 Digital Nomad Visa route, the updated FIP income threshold, Golden Visa property tiers, US tax filing, FBAR/FATCA reporting, Greek tax residence, banking, healthcare, pets, shipping, and the first steps after arrival.
It is general information, not legal or tax advice. Use it to frame the move, then confirm your own facts with a Greek immigration lawyer and a US-Greece tax adviser before filing.
Quick answer for Americans moving to Greece
- US citizens can visit Greece and the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in any 180-day period without a short-stay visa, but that does not create residence rights or work permission. Source: EU visa policy.
- Remote workers should look first at Greece's Digital Nomad route. The income test is EUR 3,500/month net for the main applicant, plus 20% for a spouse and 15% per child, and the income must come from outside Greece. Source: EU Immigration Portal.
- Since 6 February 2026, Digital Nomad applicants must obtain the national Type D digital-nomad visa from a Greek consulate before travelling; the tourist/in-country route is no longer available. Source: Law 5275/2026.
- Retirees and passive-income holders usually compare the Financially Independent Person route. The FIP income benchmark is also EUR 3,500/month, plus family uplifts, under KYA 225679/2024. Source: Ministry of Migration KYA.
- Golden Visa investors need to treat EUR 250,000 as a special conversion/restoration route, not the standard property floor. Ordinary real estate is generally EUR 400,000 or EUR 800,000 depending on location. Source: Law 5100/2024 (Ministry of Migration text).
- US tax does not disappear when you leave. US citizens keep filing US returns on worldwide income, and many also need FBAR or Form 8938 reporting. Sources: IRS abroad guidance, FBAR guidance, and Form 8938 guidance.
- Greek tax residence usually starts after more than 183 days in Greece in any 12-month period, or sooner if Greece becomes your centre of vital interests. Source: AADE tax-residence guidance.
Best Greece route for American profiles
Most Americans can narrow the choice by three facts: where the money comes from, whether they will work, and whether the long-term goal is lifestyle, investment residence or eventual citizenship.
| American profile | Best first route to check | Why | What to verify before travel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remote employee or freelancer paid by US/non-Greek clients | Digital Nomad Visa | It matches foreign-source active work and has a clear EUR 3,500/month net-income test | Apply through the Greek consulate after the 2026 route change; do not rely on starting from a tourist entry |
| Retiree living from Social Security, pension, portfolio or rental income | FIP / retirement route | It is built for stable passive income and does not require a Greek job | Confirm the EUR 3,500/month passive-income test, family uplifts and health-insurance evidence |
| Investor who wants residence with limited required stay | Golden Visa | It can provide residence through qualifying investment without a normal relocation schedule | Check whether the property tier is EUR 800k, EUR 400k or a narrow EUR 250k conversion/restoration case |
| American who wants eventual Greek citizenship | Route that supports real residence, not passive residence only | Naturalisation needs real presence, language/civic requirements and a serious Greece footprint | Do not treat a low-stay Golden Visa as an automatic seven-year citizenship clock |
| Still deciding between Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece | Schengen scouting stay first | A 90/180-day visit can validate city, tax and healthcare fit before you commit | Track Schengen days and avoid working locally or creating unintended tax residence |
Pick the right Greece residence route
Start with your income source and work intention. The route that works for a remote employee can be wrong for a retiree, and the route that works for a passive investor may not help if your real goal is citizenship.
| Route | Best fit | Core threshold or condition | Work position | Main trap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schengen tourist stay | Scouting trip or short stay | 90 days in any 180-day Schengen period | No local work or residence permit | Overstaying affects the whole Schengen Area, not just Greece |
| Digital Nomad Visa | Remote employee, freelancer, or owner serving non-Greek clients | EUR 3,500/month net income, plus 20% spouse and 15% per child | Work must be for employers or clients outside Greece | The in-country application route was removed in 2026 |
| Financially Independent Person | Retiree or passive-income household | EUR 3,500/month passive income, plus family uplifts | Not a work route in Greece | The old EUR 2,000/month figure is outdated |
| Golden Visa | Investor wanting residence with minimal stay | EUR 800k / EUR 400k / EUR 250k conversion-or-restoration property tiers | Residence, not employment permission | Passive years do not automatically count toward citizenship |
| Greek employment or business route | Local job, Greek company, or active business | Depends on permit category, contract, company and social-security position | Greek work can be allowed if the permit supports it | Tax, payroll and permit category must line up |
| Family route | Spouse, partner, child or qualifying family connection | Depends on the sponsor and documents | Depends on permit type | Eligibility is fact-specific; do not assume a tourist stay can be converted |
Related Movingto guides: Greece Digital Nomad Visa, Greece Golden Visa, Greece retirement/FIP visa, and every route side by side in our Greece visas overview.
Digital Nomad Visa
Greece's Digital Nomad route is for people who work remotely for employers or clients outside Greece. The income requirement is EUR 3,500/month net for the main applicant, EUR 4,200 with a spouse, EUR 4,725 with a spouse and one child, and EUR 5,250 with a spouse and two children. Source: EU Immigration Portal.
The 2026 change is procedural. Since Law 5275/2026, applicants must obtain the Type D digital-nomad visa at a Greek consulate before travelling, then apply for the residence permit after arrival in Greece. The tourist/in-country route is no longer available. Source: Law 5275/2026.
| Item | Amount or timing | Planning note |
|---|---|---|
| National Type D visa fee | EUR 75 | Paid at the consular visa stage; EUR 90 for each family member's visa |
| Residence permit fee | Set by Migration Code art. 171 | For the 2-year digital nomad permit; confirm the current amount on the e-paravolo portal |
| Card fee | EUR 16 | Residence-card printing fee |
| Consular decision | Within 10 days | Legal deadline; real files can take longer depending on consulate and documents |
| Residence-permit issuance | Often 1 to 3 months (rough estimate) | Apply after arriving with the correct entry visa, before the visa expires |
Financially Independent Person / retirement route
The FIP route is for people with stable passive income who do not plan to work in Greece. KYA 225679/2024 sets the minimum at EUR 3,500/month, increased by 20% for a spouse and 15% for each child. Source: Ministry of Migration KYA 225679/2024.
Acceptable evidence includes pensions, Social Security, investment income, rental income, annuities or other lawful means, and bank savings are expressly accepted: KYA 225679/2024 assesses deposits and other non-periodic resources on an annual basis (EUR 42,000 a year for a single applicant). There is no fixed EUR 126,000 deposit rule in the KYA; that figure is just 36 months at EUR 3,500. Our Greece retirement visa service maps the income evidence with you (priced per case).
This is the route to compare if you want to live in Greece from pension or portfolio income. It is not the route to use if you need to keep working for clients or employers.
Golden Visa
Greece's Golden Visa is a residence-by-investment route. Since the 2024 changes, the property tiers are much higher than the old EUR 250,000 headline. Source: Law 5100/2024 (Ministry of Migration text).
| Tier | Where it applies | Important condition |
|---|---|---|
| EUR 800,000 | Attica/Athens, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, Santorini and islands with more than 3,100 residents | Single property of at least 120 m2 for ordinary purchases |
| EUR 400,000 | Other regions outside the high-demand zones | Single property of at least 120 m2 for ordinary purchases |
| EUR 250,000 | Commercial-to-residential conversions or listed-building restorations | Special route; not the standard property floor |
Golden Visa property cannot be used for short-term rentals in the sharing economy or subleased. A breach can mean permit revocation and a EUR 50,000 fine.
For citizenship planning, be careful. The Golden Visa is one of the permits that qualify for Greece's 7-year naturalisation route, but you need 7 years of lawful and permanent residence, a pass in the PEGP written exam on Greek language, history and culture, and evidence of real economic and social integration; Digital Nomad and FIP holders need 12 years unless they hold long-term resident status when they apply (MITOS naturalisation procedure, checked 18 October 2026). Passive investor years with little time in Greece should not be sold as a simple citizenship clock. Our Greek citizenship guide covers the steps.
Tax issues Americans should sort before moving
Americans moving to Greece have two systems to manage. The US taxes citizens on worldwide income; Greece taxes residents on worldwide income once Greek tax residence starts. Plan around how your income is classified, where it is taxed first, and which relief claim you can actually use.
| Issue | Trigger | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| US federal return | US citizenship or resident-alien status | You keep filing even after becoming resident in Greece |
| Foreign Earned Income Exclusion | Qualifying earned income abroad | Cap is USD 130,000 for 2025 and USD 132,900 for 2026 (IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32); it does not cover pensions or investment income |
| Foreign Tax Credit | Foreign income tax paid on the same income | Often more relevant once Greece taxes the income; cannot be used on the same income already excluded by FEIE |
| FBAR | Foreign financial accounts exceed USD 10,000 combined at any point in the year | Filed with FinCEN, not attached to the IRS return |
| FATCA Form 8938 | Specified foreign assets above USD 200,000 on the last day of the year or USD 300,000 at any time (single filers abroad; USD 400,000 / 600,000 joint) | Filed with the IRS return; separate from FBAR |
| Greek tax residence | More than 183 days in Greece in any 12-month period, or centre of vital interests in Greece | A Greek tax resident is taxed on worldwide income |
| Article 5C | Eligible move of tax residence to Greece with qualifying Greece-based salaried work or individual business activity | Can exempt 50% of qualifying Greek-source income for seven years, subject to conditions; it is not automatic for every digital nomad |
Sources: IRS citizens abroad, IRS FEIE, IRS Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2025 and 2026 FEIE amounts), IRS FBAR, FinCEN FBAR, IRS Form 8938, AADE tax residence, and AADE tax incentives.
If the tax side is material, review the move with a US CPA and a Greek tax adviser before you cross the 183-day line. Movingto's Greece tax guide and Greece tax services pages cover the country-specific tax regimes in more detail.
Can Americans open a Greek bank account?
Opening a Greek bank account as a US citizen is possible, but it is not always quick. FATCA means banks must identify and report US-account-holder information, so branches may ask more questions than they would for an EU customer.
| Document | Why it is requested |
|---|---|
| Passport | Identity and nationality |
| Greek tax number (AFM) | Needed for tax and banking administration |
| Residence permit or Type D visa | Shows your basis for staying in Greece |
| Greek address or lease | Local address and proof of accommodation |
| Proof of income | Bank onboarding and source-of-funds checks |
| W-9 or FATCA self-certification | US tax-status reporting |
| US bank statements | Useful for source of funds and continuity |
Keep at least one strong US bank account and card active. Many Americans use US accounts for Social Security, investment platforms, emergency liquidity and US credit history, while using a Greek account for rent, utilities and local transfers.
Healthcare and insurance: does Medicare cover you in Greece?
Assume you need private health insurance for the visa stage and the first months of residence. After you are legally resident and contributing through the Greek system, public healthcare access may be available, but the timing depends on your permit, work status and social-security position.
Medicare is a US-specific issue for retirees: it generally does not cover care outside the United States, apart from rare inpatient cases. Source: Medicare travel coverage guidance (checked 18 October 2026).
For most Americans, the practical setup is private international or Greek private insurance at the start, then a decision later about whether public coverage, private cover or a hybrid arrangement fits your age, health and location.
- Check whether your regular medication is available in Greece and whether it has the same brand name, dosage and prescription status.
- Bring an initial supply in original packaging, plus prescriptions and a doctor's letter.
- If you are choosing an island, check hospital access and ferry/flight reliability rather than rent and scenery alone.
Cost of living and first-year budget
Greece can be materially cheaper than many US cities, but the useful question is where and how you will live. Athens, Thessaloniki, Crete and the Cyclades are different budgets. Treat the ranges below as planning numbers, then check current listings before signing a lease.
| Category | Athens | Thessaloniki | Crete / other larger islands | Cyclades / prime tourist areas |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| One-bedroom rent | EUR 650-1,100 | EUR 450-750 | EUR 500-900 | EUR 900+ in season |
| Utilities and internet | EUR 150-250 | EUR 130-220 | EUR 150-260 | EUR 180-320 |
| Groceries | EUR 280-450 | EUR 240-380 | EUR 280-450 | EUR 350-550 |
| Private health insurance | EUR 100-350 | EUR 100-350 | EUR 100-350 | EUR 100-350 |
| Transport | EUR 40-160 | EUR 35-130 | EUR 80-220 | EUR 100-300 |
| Dining and cafes | EUR 250-500 | EUR 200-400 | EUR 250-500 | EUR 350-700 |
| Realistic monthly range | EUR 1,600-2,800 | EUR 1,250-2,200 | EUR 1,500-2,800 | EUR 2,000-4,000+ |
| Cost | Planning range | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| Visa and residence fees | Digital Nomad: EUR 75 visa + EUR 16 card + permit fee; Golden Visa: EUR 2,016 for a main applicant | Digital Nomad: EUR 75 visa + residence-permit fee (Migration Code art. 171) + EUR 16 card. FIP: residence-permit fee + EUR 16 card, plus the consular visa fee. Golden Visa: EUR 2,000 + EUR 16 card, plus family members' permit fees |
| Apartment deposit and first rent | 2-4 months of rent | Landlords may ask more from new arrivals without Greek income history |
| Private insurance | EUR 1,200-4,200/year | Age, deductible and coverage level drive the range |
| Furniture and household setup | EUR 1,500-6,000 | Lower if renting furnished; higher for family moves |
| Shipping | USD 2,000-12,000+ | Rough estimate; depends on volume, coast, container versus shared shipment and customs handling |
| Tax and immigration advice | Varies | Budget for both US and Greek advice if income, investments or family facts are complex |
For a more granular local budget, use the Greece cost of living guide.
First 90 days: practical setup checklist
- Choose the residence route before travel. This is especially important for Digital Nomad applicants after the 2026 consular-route change.
- Collect apostilled and translated documents early: birth and marriage certificates, FBI/state police documents if needed, proof of income, bank statements and insurance evidence.
- Line up private health insurance that satisfies the visa or residence-permit requirement.
- Secure accommodation evidence: lease, deed, hosting declaration or other accepted proof for the route.
- Apply for the Type D visa or residence permit through the correct channel. Do not assume a tourist stay can be converted.
- Get an AFM, Greece's tax number, before you need banking, a lease, utilities or local tax filings. Our Greece AFM service organises the documents and the AADE process, with representation where needed.
- Open a Greek bank account or at least prepare a local payment workaround while onboarding is pending.
- Create a US-Greece tax calendar covering US return, FBAR, Form 8938, Greek tax residence and Greek filing dates.
US-to-Greece timeline and document plan
Most delays start before the flight. Income evidence, apostilles, translations, tax timing, insurance and the filing channel all need attention before you enter Greece.
| Timing | What to do | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| 3-6 months before moving | Choose route, map tax residence, collect civil records and check passport validity | Apostilles, translations and tax planning take longer than most people expect |
| 2-4 months before moving | Gather income, bank, insurance, accommodation and criminal-record evidence if required | Weak document packs cause delays even when the route choice is correct |
| 1-3 months before moving | File through the correct consular or residence channel for your route | Digital Nomad applicants should not assume they can start from inside Greece after the 2026 change |
| Arrival month | Secure accommodation, AFM, banking plan, mobile number and local insurance continuity | These items unlock leases, utilities, tax registration and day-to-day payments |
| First 90 days | Confirm residence-permit steps, tax calendar, healthcare access and US reporting obligations | This is where FBAR/FATCA, 183-day planning and permit timing can collide |
| Route | Documents to prepare early | American-specific issue |
|---|---|---|
| Digital Nomad Visa | Remote-work contract/client proof, non-Greek income evidence, bank statements, insurance, accommodation, clean passport | Show foreign-source work clearly and use the consular route |
| FIP / retirement | Pension/Social Security letters, portfolio or rental-income proof, bank statements, insurance, accommodation | Separate passive income from active freelance or employment income |
| Golden Visa | Property/investment file, source-of-funds evidence, legal due diligence, family documents, insurance | Check property tier and rental restrictions before signing |
| Family route | Marriage/birth documents, sponsor status, proof of relationship, translations and apostilles | US civil documents often need apostille and certified translation |
| Tax planning | Prior US returns, brokerage statements, pension/IRA details, business ownership, foreign account inventory | US filings continue, and Greek residence can change the tax treatment of worldwide income |
Shipping, pets and US loose ends
Shipping household goods
Before paying for a container, price the replacement cost in Greece. Furniture, appliances and basic household goods are often easier to buy locally than ship. If you import personal property as a transfer of residence, check the EU customs relief rules first: they generally require that you lived outside the EU for at least 12 months, owned and used the goods for at least 6 months, and import them within 12 months of moving. Source: Council Regulation (EC) No 1186/2009 on customs duty relief (EUR-Lex, checked 18 October 2026).
As a rough planning range, a smaller shared shipment can run USD 2,000-5,000, while a full container can run several thousand dollars more depending on coast, volume, insurance and destination handling.
Pets
Dogs and cats travelling from the US need the EU import steps: microchip, rabies vaccination, EU health certificate and USDA endorsement. Source: USDA APHIS pet travel to Greece.
Voting, Social Security and Medicare
US citizens abroad can register and request absentee ballots through FVAP. Source: Federal Voting Assistance Program.
Social Security payments can generally be received while living abroad, subject to SSA rules and payment-country checks. The US-Greece totalization agreement can help someone qualify when one-country work credits are not enough; each country pays its own benefit under its rules. Sources: SSA payments abroad and SSA Greece agreement.
Do not assume Medicare follows you. Most Americans retiring in Greece need private cover and a separate plan for any treatment they expect to receive back in the US.
Common mistakes Americans make
- Using the old EUR 2,000/month FIP figure or treating EUR 250,000 as the standard Golden Visa real-estate minimum.
- Arriving as a tourist and trying to start a Digital Nomad application from inside Greece after the 2026 law change.
- Assuming the Digital Nomad Visa and FIP are interchangeable because both use EUR 3,500/month thresholds.
- Forgetting that the US return, FBAR and FATCA reporting can continue even after Greek residence starts.
- Letting Greece become the centre of vital interests before getting tax advice on the US and Greek consequences.
- Closing US accounts too early, then struggling with Social Security deposits, investment access, card backup or US credit history.
- Choosing an island based on summer photos without checking winter transport, healthcare access and year-round rentals.
- Assuming Golden Visa residence automatically means citizenship after seven calendar years without real presence.
How Movingto helps Americans move to Greece
For Americans, advice is most useful before filing, when route choice, income type, tax exposure, family facts, property plans and timing still need to line up. On Greece cases, Movingto plans the route with you, sequences the purchase and filing steps and prepares the documents with you; Greek tax advice comes from a licensed Greek tax adviser. See our Greece Digital Nomad Visa, Greece retirement visa and Greece Golden Visa services, each priced per case (ask for a quote).
| Stage | What we clarify | Output |
|---|---|---|
| Route diagnosis | Work source, passive income, investment plan, family status, tax exposure and citizenship goals | Shortlist of realistic Greece routes and the routes to avoid |
| Document map | Which US documents need apostille, translation, income proof, insurance evidence or legal review | Route-specific checklist before consular or residence filing |
| Tax handoff | US filing continuity, Greek tax-residence risk, FBAR/FATCA triggers and timing around the 183-day line | Questions for the US CPA and Greek tax adviser before relocation |
| Property and city fit | Whether the move depends on Golden Visa property, rent, healthcare, schools, islands or year-round logistics | Practical location and budget screen before committing |
| Execution support | Introductions to Greek legal, tax, property and relocation specialists where needed | Handoff plan from route choice to application and arrival setup |
If you are deciding between the Digital Nomad, FIP/retirement and Golden Visa routes, talk to Movingto before choosing the route around a single income number. The same EUR 3,500/month headline can mean very different things depending on whether the income is active, passive, taxable in Greece, or tied to a US business.
Claim-source map
For auditability, the page's highest-risk legal, tax and benefits claims are mapped to the official source used for each one. It is an audit trail, not a substitute for professional advice.
| Claim | Primary source | Where it matters |
|---|---|---|
| US visitors can stay 90 days in any 180-day Schengen period | EU visa policy | Scouting trips and overstay risk |
| Digital Nomad income is EUR 3,500/month net plus family uplifts | EU Immigration Portal | Remote-worker route choice |
| Digital Nomad applicants must obtain the consular Type D digital-nomad visa after the 2026 change | Law 5275/2026 | Application timing before travel |
| FIP passive-income threshold is EUR 3,500/month plus family uplifts | KYA 225679/2024 | Retiree/passive-income route choice |
| Golden Visa real-estate tiers are EUR 800k, EUR 400k or narrow EUR 250k cases | Law 5100/2024 (Ministry of Migration text) | Investor route and property due diligence |
| Greek tax residence can start after more than 183 days in any 12-month period or centre of vital interests | AADE tax-residence guidance | Tax calendar and arrival timing |
| US citizens continue filing US returns on worldwide income | IRS citizens abroad | US compliance after relocation |
| FBAR can apply above USD 10,000 in foreign accounts | FinCEN and IRS FBAR guidance | Greek banking and account reporting |
| Medicare generally does not cover care outside the US | Medicare travel coverage guidance | Retiree healthcare planning |
| Dogs and cats from the US need EU pet-import steps and USDA endorsement | USDA APHIS | Pet relocation |
Official sources and useful guides
- EU visa policy for Schengen short-stay rules.
- EU Immigration Portal: Greece international service provider for Digital Nomad income and fees.
- Law 5275/2026 for the 2026 Digital Nomad application-route change.
- KYA 225679/2024 for the FIP income threshold.
- Law 5100/2024 (Ministry of Migration text) for current Golden Visa real-estate tiers and restrictions.
- Greek Ministry Golden Visa page for the Ministry's investor-residence overview.
- AADE tax residence and AADE tax incentives for Greek tax-residence and relocation-regime context.
- IRS citizens abroad, IRS FBAR, FinCEN FBAR and IRS Form 8938 for US reporting.
- Talk to Movingto if you want help choosing between the Greece Digital Nomad, FIP/retirement and Golden Visa routes.